The present paper deals with the health conditions of tribal women with special reference to Khammam district of Telangana. The Tribal population of India is 10.42 crore which account for 8.6 percent of the total population of India as per 2011 census and is larger than any other community in the world. In fact, it is almost equal to the Tribal population of 19 countries with substantial population. The tribal population of India is more than the total population of France and Brittan and four times that of Australia. Telangana is one of the states with considerable tribal population. As per the 2011 census tribal population is 31,77,940 and it is 9.08 percent of the total state population. There are 32 tribes in Telangana State with a primitive tribal groups spread over Khammam, Adilabad, and Warangal districts mostly. Health status of the tribals in India has been studied and documented by several social scientists from various theoretical perspectives and methodological orientations. The present paper based on the following objectives: to examine the socio- cultural background of the Tribal women in the sample and to examine the issues related to marriages and child births. By and large it can be said that the data analysed that progressive changes are taking place in the health care and maternity care among the tribal women of the study. Just like in other areas of socio –economic and cultural aspects transformation of the tribal societies is taking place. The common diseases in the tribal areas are identified to design remedial measures.