The demographic characteristics play a significant role in the development of a region. Within the last few decades the settlement density increased at a high rate along the Adi Ganga. The Adi Ganga is a palaeodistributary of the Bhagirathi-Hugli River. According to Mediaeval Bengali literature, Adi Ganga River was an important navigational channel. During British period, many foreign ships, vessels also carried import and export of goods via Adi Ganga to Kolkata Port. Now, due to unprecedented urban growth, the river is sandwiched by the encroachers from both sides and the riverside land use patterns have been entirely modified. Several demographic parameters such as growth, concentration, male-female ratio, caste categories, education status and type of ration card are carefully studied for the better understand of the present status of the encroacher. The study reveals that, maximum encroachers are illiterate, poor and belongs to below poverty line income group.