Good hygiene and sanitation are the indicators of social and economic development in a society. Sanitation is a serious problem in all over the world, but more focused on the Third World countries. It is estimated that 40 percent of the world population does not have access to adequate sanitation facilities. A country cannot achieve real development if the majority of its people live in unhealthy and unclean surroundings. Our streets are still dirty. The majority of people still defecate in open. The personal hygiene plays a vital role in maintaining our body clean and healthy. Even most of the diseases associated with unsafe drinking water, insufficient hygiene and inadequate sanitation. The safe drinking water and proper sanitation are the key factors in achieving the ultimate goal of ‘health for all’. Personal hygiene helps us to free from the communicable diseases, which spread either from human beings or from the domesticated animals. At present, the sanitary and hygienic setting in the rural, as well as tribal areas of the Odisha, is very disgraceful. The present paper is an empirical research work, carried out among five Hill Kharia villages in Bijatola block of Mayurbhanj district, Odisha. The Hill Kharia is one of the particularly vulnerable tribal Groups of Odisha. The present paper is highlighting the current scenario of sanitation and water management of the villages and secondly, to know the personal hygiene practices among the Hill Kharia of the studies villages. Information has collected through fieldwork; applying observation, interview scheduled and with the help of personal interaction of the villagers.